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For the most part, ______ research emphasises style; whereas research on ________ focuses on tactics for gaining compliance.
politics; leadership
power; persuasion
leadership; power
communication; politics
Person A has ____ power over person B if A can dismiss, suspend, or demote B, assuming that B values his or her job.
reward
referent
legitimate
coercive
Avoidance of ______ is why most organisations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one.
power
independence
dependency
knowledge
The most popular power tactic used by managers to influence subordinates is _____________.
higher authority
reason
sanctions
friendliness
The most popular strategy was the use of reason, regardless of whether the influence was directed upward or downward.
Most studies confirm that the concept of ________ is central to understanding sexual harassment.
sex
power
politics
locus of control
_____ occurs when people use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests.
politicking
playing hardball
facilitating teamwork
forming coalitions
Which of the following is not an individual factor related to political behaviour?
internal locus of control
high self-monitoring
reallocation of resources
expectations of success
This is an organisational factor influencing political behaviour.
The process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them is called______.
misdirection
perception management
defensive behaviour
impression management
Behaviours that are reactive and protective to avoid action, blame or change are known as __________.
misrepresentation
defensive behaviours
stalling behaviours
bluffing
Each of the following is a question the text suggests to analyse ethical questions except:
Does the action violate rights of other parties?
Is the action profitable?
Is the action consistent with the organisation's goal?
Does the action conform to standards of equity and justice?
he decision tree asks three questions. The first question addresses self-interest versus organisational goals. The second question concerns the rights of other parties. The final question relates to whether or not the political activity conforms to standards of equity and justice.
______ refers to a capacity that "A" has to influence the behavior of "B" so that "B" does something he or she would not otherwise do.
Dependence
Power
Politics
Scarcity
______ refers to the power that one receives because of position within the formal hierarchy.
Reward power
Coercive power
Legitimate power
Referent power
Identify the base of power in the following situation: A person can make things difficult for other people, and you want to avoid getting his or her angry.
Referent power
Coercive power
Legitimate power
Reward power
Which of the following is not true about the relationship between dependency and power?
Dependency is decreased when the resource you control is important.
Reducing uncertainty increases a group's importance and its power.
A resource needs to be perceived as scarce to create dependency.
To create dependency, you must control things that are perceived as important.
Dependency is increased when the resource you control is important, scarce, and non-substitutable. If nobody wants what you've got, it's not going to create dependency.
Dependency is increased when the resource you control is important.
Which of the following is not true about sexual harassment?
Persons in positions of power can be the subjects of sexual harassment from persons in less powerful positions within the firm.
The definition about what specifically constitutes sexual harassment is published in the law and not a subject of disagreement.
The concept of power is central to understanding sexual harassment.
Co-workers can sexually harass peers.
_____ are the most frequent perpetrators of sexual harassment in organizations.
Subordinates
Coworkers
Bosses
Women
While harassment by one's boss typically creates the greatest difficulty, they are not the most frequent perpetrators.
Co-workers are the most frequent perpetrators of sexual harassment in organizations. This is usually accomplished by providing or withholding information, cooperation, and support.
When employees in organizations convert their power into action, they are engaged in:
Expert power.
Dependency.
Personal power.
Politics.
Political activity is probably more a function of _____ than of _____.
Organizational characteristics; individual differences
Individual differences; organizational culture
Organizational structure; organizational culture
National culture; organizational culture
Although the role that individual differences can play in fostering politicking is acknowledged, the evidence more strongly supports that certain situations and cultures promote politics.
Which of the following is not an impression management techniques?
Acclaiming
Apologies
Assessing
Self-description
The impression management techniques are self-descriptions, conformity, accounts, apologies, acclaiming, flattery, and favors.
Which of the IM techniques is demonstrated by the job applicant who says, "I got my Harvard M.B.A. even though I suffer from dyslexia."
Accounts
Self-descriptions
Conformity
Apologies
Power is a function of dependence.
True
False
The greater B's dependence on A, the greater is A's power in the relationship. Dependence, in turn, is based on alternatives that B perceives and the importance that B places on the alternatives that A controls. A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire.
If "A" can assign "B" work activities that "B" finds unpleasant, or treats "B" in a manner that "B" finds embarrassing, "A" possesses coercive power over "B."
True
False
Coercive power rests on the application, or the threat of application, of physical sanctions, the generation of frustration through restriction of movement, or the controlling by force of basic physiological or safety needs.
Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge.
True
False
Computer specialists, tax accountants, economists, industrial psychologists, and other specialists are able to wield power as a result of their expertise.To create dependency, you must control things that are perceived as important.
True
False
If nobody wants what you've got, it's not going to create dependency.
The concept of power is central to understanding sexual harassment.
True
False
The supervisor-employee dyad best characterizes an unequal power relationship, in which position power gives the supervisor the capacity to reward and coerce. Co-workers can also exercise power by providing or withholding information, cooperation, and support.
A political view can explain much of what may seem to be irrational behavior in organizations.
True
False
Political behavior can help to explain why employees withhold information, restrict output, attempt to build empires, publicize their successes, hide their failures, distort performance figures to make themselves look better, and engage in similar activities that appear to be at odds with the organization's desire for effectiveness and efficiency.
Political activity is probably more a function of individual differences than of an organization's culture.
True
False
The more that an organization's culture emphasizes the zero-sum or win-lose approach to reward allocations, the less employees will be motivated to engage in politicking.
True
False
When individuals use the impression management technique of favors they compliment others about their virtues in an effort to make themselves appear perceptive and likeable.
True
False
Agreeing with someone else's opinion in order to gain his or her approval is an impression management technique known as acclaiming.
True
False
