MGT502- Organizational Behaviour
Shared By Tariq Mahmood <tariq6382@gmail.com>
1
Two areas that are influencing and impacting corporations and managers today are the rapid pace of change and
A) Demographic increases.
B) Complexity of the work environment.
C) Organizational culture changes.
D) Managerial ineptness.
2
The field of organizational behavior examines such questions as the nature of leadership, effective team development, __________, and ___________.
A) Interpersonal conflict resolution; motivation of individuals
B) Organizational control; conflict management
C) Motivation of individuals; planning
D) Planning; development
3
____________ is attributed with developing the scientific management perspective.
A) Elton Mayo
B) Robert Owens
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) Frederick Taylor
4
Which perspective is hailed as being responsible for launching research into such topics as leadership effectiveness and group dynamics?
A) Human relations approach
B) Scientific management
C) Contingency approach
D) Hawthorne effect
5
Of the four building block skills, which one is frequently considered to be the largest behavior managementchallenge?
A) The ability to inspire employees
B) The ability to analyze situations correctly
C) Personal flexibility and adaptability
D) Outstanding perceptual skills
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
6
Which of these skills is considered to be the cornerstone of the four building block skills?
A) Personal flexibility
B) Self-insight
C) Perceptual skills
D) Leadership capabilities
7
Which of these approaches argues that there is no single best way to manage behavior?
A) Hawthorne
B) Scientific Management
C) The cornerstone skill
D) Contingency
8
The area of "knowledge foundation" deals with the importance of
A) understanding organizational behavior.
B) the behavior management process.
C) development of solutions for achieving behavioral goals.
D) identification of the causes of behavior.
9
Which of these steps of the behavior management process involves implementation of selected strategy, monitoring for effectiveness, and performing necessary adjustments?
A) Step three
B) Step two
C) Step four
D) Step one
10
________ is/are a key trend that is having a significant impact on behavior management today.
A) Information technology
B) Reverse discrimination
C) Decreasing the amount of training for managers
D) Stay-at-home mothers
11
What is contributing to organizations taking a look at employee groups that had previously been overlooked, ignored, or shutout?
A) Current discrimination laws
B) Government monetary incentives
C) New behavior management theories
D) Economic pressures
12
One way businesses can benefit from diversity in the work force is
A) increased popularity.
B) increased understanding of the marketplace.
C) increased employee satisfaction.
D) minimizing EEOC/AA investigations.
13
One drawback to the technology of today is
A) it can actually accelerate the speed at which crises can strike a nation.
B) it can keep employees too busy to stay in touch with their employers and organizations.
C) it can decrease waste and efficiency in organizations.
D) it can reduce the need for familiar methods of communication such as telegraph and faxes.
14
The percentage of employees who work 50 or more hours per week has risen by _____ over the past twenty years.
A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 37.5%
15
During the last thirty years, the percentage of dual-career married couples has grown by
A) 24 percent.
B) 96 percent.
C) 60% percent.
D) 36% percent.
Organizing Perceptions and Avoiding Biases
1
Two mechanisms by which the perception process takes place include internal processes and _____________.
A) external influences
B) central tendencies
C) skill assessment
D) process intensity
2
External influences on perception include _____________.
A) self-disclosure
B) self-enhancing tactics
C) the halo effect
D) the figure-ground effect
3
George Garrett of Holshow Insurance frequently speaks of his personal friendship with the State Insurance Commissioner when he attends organizational meetings. George is demonstrating which direct attempt at shaping others' perceptions?
A) Self-presentation
B) Self-enhancing tactics
C) Audience extraction
D) Personal constructs
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
4
Which impression management method incorporates such areas as "brown nosing" and flattery?
A) Self-enhancing
B) Stereotypes
C) Other-enhancing
D) Personal constructs
5
Which of the following is suggested to help reduce unwanted impression management?
A) Rely on "gut instinct"
B) Reduction of ambiguity
C) Personal flexibility and adaptability
D) Outstanding perceptual skills
6
When Alex Morton's consulting firm developed an elaborate logo and name for the organization, it was engaging in a form of ____________.
A) business promotion
B) coercion
C) public relations
D) corporate impression management
7
Sometimes referred to as a self-fulfilling prophecy, ___________ is a process that recognizes our perceptions can impact the way we interact with others to the point we elicit behaviors that are in line with our own perceptions.
A) audience extraction
B) audience selectivity
C) personal constructs
D) halo effect
8
Which term refers to our own unique understanding of how the work world operates?
A) Audience selectivity
B) Culture clash
C) Personal constructs
D) Halo effects
9
Wanda Wall, the manager for Tax Troubles, Inc., generally supervises the 28 employees of her firm effectively. However, she consistently makes assumptions about certain employees such as they all prefer things like fried chicken because they are from the south. Which term is the most accurate descriptor of her behavior?
A) Gossip
B) Stereotyping
C) Slander
D) Personality
10
What can managers do to increase the accuracy of their perceptions?
A) Be more observing
B) Lower your profile
C) Recognize your own biases
D) All of the above
11
Whenever Gary Williams handles a situation that results in an erroneous or ineffective decision being made, he usually blames the other organizational members for supplying him with inaccurate information. This form of behavior is best identified as application of a(n) _______.
A) internal attribution
B) attribution theory of behavior
C) behavior management process
D) external attribution
12
What is a key piece of information that we gather about an employee's behavior when using behavior to assign cause?
A) The consistency of the behavior over time
B) The significance of the behavior in relation to everyone else
C) The impact the behavior will have on the work place
D) The cost anticipated to modify the employee's behavior over time
13
Which of the following is considered an attribution error?
A) The halo effect
B) Personal constructs
C) The actor-observer effect
D) All of the above
14
In a survey of 1,300 middle managers, ________ % ranked knowledge and effort as being the most important contributing factors to their achievement of success.
A) 25
B) 81
C) 37
D) 67.5
15
Which of the following is/are suggested to help combat biases and more effectively manage behavior?
A) Encourage subordinates to consider internal explanations for their own behaviors
B) Be aware that everyone has the tendency to take credit for success and avoid blame for failure
C) Try to do a full search for information
D) All of the above
Understanding Attitudes and Personality
1
When perception patterns occur repeatedly, there is a tendency to form a/an _______ about something or someone.
A) bias
B) preconceived notion
C) attitude
D) stereotypical view
2
Stephanie Stucky works as a human relations specialist and is considered a top performer in the firm. According to Stephanie, her performance motivation is derived from the fact that the pay matches her expectations, she has a significant amount of autonomy in the performance of her duties, and the workload is challenging, without being overwhelming. Stephanie's consistent performance level can be said to demonstrate which of the following?
A) Job rotation
B) Job enlargement
C) Job satisfaction
D) Self-actualization
3
Ben Barringer has been receiving substantial pressure from the members of his work team to remain with the Omega Computer Inc. despite enticing offers from other companies. Ben has decided to remain with Omega mostly in part due to the encouragement of his fellow workers. It can be stated that Ben has experienced:
A) continuance commitment.
B) normative commitment.
C) affective commitment.
D) coercive commitment.
4
All of the following are methods managers can utilize to promote employee job satisfaction except which one?
A) Conduct an attitude survey
B) Recognize and reward good performance
C) Learn the specific facets of the job that may bring about worker dissatisfaction
D) Assume high performers are well satisfied in their job
5
An employee's emotional attachment to and identification with the firm is ___________.
A) continuance commitment
B) normative commitment
C) organizational citizenship behavior
D) affective commitment
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
6
Jack Jackson of Quality Carpets has been seriously considering a career change. However after much contemplation, Jack has concluded the stress and emotional aspects of leaving the firm surpass any gains he would acquire at a new organization. Jack is experiencing:
A) external influence commitment.
B) continuance commitment.
C) normative commitment.
D) ineffective commitment.
7
Organizational citizenship behaviors can best be defined as:
A) an employee's unwillingness to offer suggestions to the organization.
B) an employee's strict adherence to organizational objectives.
C) an employee's willingness to go above the normal call of duty.
D) all of the above.
8
Jane is always the first person to lend a hand to her coworkers and never fails to brag about the organization to outsiders. By engaging in such behavior, she is exemplifying:
A) the actor-observer affect.
B) stereotypical behavior.
C) affective commitment.
D) organizational citizenship behavior.
9
Alexis Alexander has an MBA degree from Yale. However, it seems that even though she has worked for the same firm for 6 years with an exemplary record, she cannot climb any higher on the corporate ladder. It can be said that Alexis is most probably experiencing:
A) glass ceiling.
B) stereotyping.
C) continuance commitment.
D) perception fallacies.
10
Which group currently represents the largest minority group?
A) Hispanics
B) Native Americans
C) African-Americans
D) Physically challenged
11
The 1990 ADA law was designed to benefit which group of individuals?
A) Women
B) Physically challenged
C) African-Americans
D) Older workers
12
Which of the following is/are way(s) for organizations and managers to promote or recognize diversity?
A) Partnership with local educational institutions
B) Provide training programs
C) Development and encouragement of networks and support groups
D) All of the above
13
Which of the following is considered to be a problem with diversity programs?
A) Worries over reverse discrimination repercussions
B) General resistance
C) The actor-selector effect
D) Support of top management
14
Which of the following is/are factor(s) that improve the chance of making diversity programs successful?
A) Address the concerns of the majority group
B) Make diversity a part of the overall business goal
C) Use diversity training carefully
D) All of the above
15
Which of the following is/are considered advantage(s) for organizations that have a successful diversity program in place?
A) Increased worker productivity
B) Decreased worker turnover
C) Ability to make better organizational decisions due to the involvement of a more diversified work force offering different perspectives
D) None of the above
Motivating Employees to do Their Best
1
The _________ are perspectives of motivation that identify specific needs that energize behavior.
A) content theories of motivation
B) process theories of motivation
C) equity theory and OB mod theory
D) expectancy theories
2
_________ is attributed with the development of the Two-Factor Theory of motivation.
A) Abraham Maslow
B) David McClelland
C) Frederick Herzberg
D) Stacy Adams
3
Hygiene factors are similar to the _____________ needs identified by the Hierarchy of Needs.
A) higher order
B) three-tiered
C) lower order
D) None of the above
4
Which of the following is a limitation of the equity theory?
A) It does not address the issue of perceived fairness.
B) It offers no remedy to increase motivation.
C) When you feel treated unfairly, you will be motivated to restore a sense of fairness.
D) Who we should compare ourselves to is not clearly identified.
5
Which of the following is a strategic way in which employees strive to reduce inequity?
A) Focus specifically on the behavior in question and attempt to alter it.
B) Maintain the same comparison person as before.
C) Changing their inputs and/or outcomes
D) None of the above.
6
At Bradley Sanders' motorcycle firm, in the last six months, 60 of 80 employees have been terminated while 53 job applicants have been hired to replace them. This type of process is best described by the term ____________.
A) negative reinforcement
B) motivation
C) inequity
D) churning
7
Which theory is considered to deal with consequences?
A) Reinforcement Theory
B) Two-Factor Theory
C) Equity Theory
D) Hierarchy of Needs Theory
8
Which of the following is/are a recommendation(s) to prevent the potential side effects of punishment?
A) Focus specifically on the behavior in question.
B) Always punish in private.
C) Specify alternative behaviors that will prevent mistakes from being repeated.
D) All of the above.
9
Signs detailing lengthy work expectations and obligations that hung in the employee lounge of Spender Textile, constantly offend Brian to the point he repeatedly called off from work. These signs were replaced with new, more complex messages every day. His manager recognized this negative behavior and had the offending signs removed from the employee lounge. The manager's action of removing that which was reinforcing negative employee behavior is called:
A) punishment.
B) extinction.
C) hygiene factors.
D) perception.
10
Which motivation theory focuses on establishing future performance targets?
A) Goal theory
B) Reinforcement theory
C) Equity theory
D) None of the above
11
Jackson is a line worker for the local clothing manufacturer. Even though he does not possess an official title or a private office, Jackson is more than willing to give his complete dedication to assisting the organization in achieving its mission of producing a quality product. This willingness to pursue an organizational goal is a demonstration of _____________.
A) motivation
B) positive reinforcement
C) goal commitment
D) goal setting
12
Sandy Bennett is employed at Stained Glass, Inc. She has been assigned the task of creating 400 perfect bottles per hour. The maximum every achieved by any employee in the history of the firm was 25. This virtually unachievable goal that she has been assigned has been designed to encourage the employees to "do things differently" rather than in the usual fashion. This is called _________.
A) stretch targets
B) intrinsic factors
C) hygiene factors
D) none of the above
13
Which of the following is/are suggested for a successful management by objectives program?
A) Establish a time frame for achievement
B) Establish performance targets
C) Prioritize goals
D) All of the above
14
Which theory of motivation starts with an assumption that employees are rational?
A) Goal setting theory
B) Expectancy theory
C) Reinforcement theory
D) Herzberg's Two-Factor theory
15
The desired "performance" of skill acquisition is attributable to ___________.
A) expectancy theory
B) reinforcement theory
C) skill-based pay programs
D) none of the above
Effective Decision-Making
1
Jennie has held the position as manager of Creative Cosmetics for 7 years. She is well respected by her subordinates and she, in turn, respects them also. Jennie is certain to seek the opinion of her subordinates for many of the decisions she must make. This process of ensuring subordinate understanding and agreeance is referred to as:
A) bounded rationality.
B) acceptability.
C) reliability.
D) conformity.
2
________ focus on the quality and extent of information that goes into a decision.
A) Information-processing methods
B) Rational-economic approaches
C) Delphi techniques
D) Expected-value models
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
3
Which of these focuses on the decision options themselves rather than on the information that goes into the decision?
A) Quantitative model
B) Rational-economic model
C) Expected-value model
D) Decision-choice model
4
_________ are agreed upon and common ways of interacting, perceiving, and deciding.
A) Situational factors
B) Stereotypes
C) Scripts
D) Personal constructs
5
When Daniel is making a decision for his trucking firm, he favors just analyzing the facts of the situation without dealing with any extraneous information. His style of decision-making is one in which those who use it do not mess around with lots of information. This style is called the:
A) behavioral style.
B) directive style.
C) analytic style.
D) conceptual style.
6
Bianca utilizes a style of decision-making that examines the various facets of the situation rationally. She is able to successfully address any issues of uncertainty that may manifest. This style of decision-making is known as:
A) analytic style.
B) conceptual style.
C) behavioral style.
D) directive style.
7
Which term is best defined as shortcuts that we learn over time and that reduce our necessary thinking work and free us for other tasks?
A) Brainstorming
B) Groupthink
C) Heuristics
D) Conjunction fallacy
8
Which one of the following is considered to be a relative to the base rate heuristics such as representativeness?
A) Administrative model
B) Groupthink
C) Personal constructs
D) Conjunction fallacy
9
Robert Zembower directs the Training Specialists of Dayton, Inc. When he makes a decision, Robert consistently favors ones that will provide a smaller, but certain positive gain versus the decisions that offer the chance for a larger return without as much certainty. Robert's style of decision-making is referred to as ________.
A) anchoring
B) framing
C) escalation-of-commitment
D) perception.
10
Which term refers to the tendency for our judgments to be unduly affected by the starting point of a decision?
A) Bounded rationality
B) Anchoring
C) Escalation-of-commitment
D) Groupthink
11
Tom and Jason are the managers for the Brinkman Processing. They are consistent in the fact that they continue to support decisions, which have proven to be erroneous. This style of decision-making is best known as _________.
A) escalation-of-commitment
B) brainstorming
C) regression to the mean
D) Delphi technique
12
Which of the following refers to a situation in which pressures for cohesiveness and togetherness act to remove all the benefits typically offered by group decision-making?
A) Bounded rationality
B) Brainstorming
C) Groupthink
D) Nominal group technique
13
Which of the following is considered a drawback to group decision-making?
A) Increased amount of knowledge and information
B) Slower than individual decision-making
C) More access to creative decisions
D) None of the above
14
Which of the following is/are predicted symptom(s) of groupthink?
A) Rationalization
B) Morality of actions
C) Self-censorship
D) All of the above
15
Which of the following is/are rules to follow during the process of brainstorming?
A) Encourage piggybacking
B) Present the illusion of unanimity
C) Try to do a full search for information
D) Group monitoring
Designing Motivating Jobs and High Performance Teams
1
Jena Murphy's consulting firm employs 65 professional individuals. She allows her employees to outline their own work schedules and only requires that each employee report to work on Monday and Friday from 9 a.m.until 3 p.m.Ms. Murphy is utilizing a(n)
A) compressed employee work schedule.
B) flexible employee work schedule.
C) job enlargement approach.
D) ineffective employee benefit system.
2
Jim Duncan's job as loader operator for Raynor Coal Company permits him to work 10 hours per day, Monday through Thursday. This demonstrates Raynor's utilization of a(n)
A) flexible work schedule.
B) organizational culture.
C) compressed work schedule.
D) staffing development.
3
Four months ago, Taylor Construction needed three employees to rebuild the electrical boxes for their customers due to the various tasks involved. After successfully retraining the employees, a single employee can now handle all facets of this job. This is an example of:
A) job enlargement.
B) job rotation.
C) shoddy workmanship.
D) job enrichment.
4
________ involves making fundamental changes in the way work actually gets done.
A) Job enrichment
B) Job rotation
C) Job enlargement
D) Job restructuring
5
Which terms best describes the extent to which a job allows employees to work on a complete product or service from the beginning to the end?
A) Task significance
B) Task feedback
C) Skill variety
D) Task identity
6
Thomas Pike is the manager of a large automobile repair shop. He has decided his employees would be more productive if he combined several of the assigned tasks into a single job, which required new and different skills to be utilized by the employee. Effective implementation of this idea in his firm is a demonstration of:
A) personal flexibility.
B) job rotation.
C) effective decision-making.
D) vertical job loading.
7
Horizontal job loading can best be associated with or described by:
A) more tasks, no additional skills.
B) more tasks, more skills.
C) same number of tasks, more skills.
D) less tasks, more skills.
8
Which group of individuals is best identified as having a low degree of authority, voluntary membership, and requiring a high degree of management involvement?
A) Self-managed team
B) Cross-functional team
C) Quality circle
D) Virtual team
9
Allen Kyle uses a group comprised of between 5-20 members of his organization to get jobs performed in the fastest and most efficient way possible. Mr. Kyle usually permits this group to have a moderate amount of authority over their work and allows the group itself to determine the mission it will pursue. As the organization's manager, he has little involvement in directing the group. Which type of group is most probably formed at this organization?
A) Virtual team
B) Cross-functional team
C) Self-managed work team
D) Advisory team
10
According to an executive survey, which of the following is considered to be one of the most prominent obstacles encountered when an organization desires to start self-managed teams?
A) Information technology
B) Insufficient training.
C) Lack of management involvement
D) Inexperienced employees
11
Which team is associated with high use of the various forms of today's information technology such as videoconferencing and e-mail?
A) Cross-functional team
B) Self-directed team
C) Quality team
D) Virtual team
12
All of the following identifies characteristics of an effective team player except:
A) appropriate technical skills.
B) good communication skills.
C) maintaining an individualist attitude.
D) ability to trust other members and management.
13
Certain employees of Miramar Corporation are undergoing a new outdoor-based training program, lasting for several days. They are being assigned difficult physical tasks that will require teamwork in order for them to be successfully accomplished. Which of the following is the best descriptor for this training?
A) Outward Bound
B) Upward Reaching
C) Reach for the Stars
D) Rising Forward
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
14
Which of the following is not a suggestion for building a high-performance team?
A) Develop a clear set of rules
B) Encourage the team to rely on previous knowledge
C) Set specific and challenging goals
D) Acknowledge team contributions
15
Which of the following is not suggested to help establish a motivating pay system for teams?
A) Prepare to tweak the system whenever necessary
B) Spend time reflecting on and reexamining the system
C) Allow team members to help develop the appraisal system
D) Develop a complex system for compensation
