FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 3)
Solved by (vuZs Solution Team)
Eemaan Khan<eemaan28@gmail.com>
Tariq Mahmood <tariq6382@gmail.com>
Zubair Hussain <zubair254@gmail.com>
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ali migrated from Pakistan to a foreign country. He is disorientated by the country's customs and has difficulty in adapting it. He also feels homesickness. What is Ali experiencing?
► Culture shock
► Foreign culture
► Alien culture
► Adventure
Ref: Culture shock can include homesickness, and citizens living abroad tend to buy
national newspapers or frequent stores or restaurants similar to those in the home country.
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Hussain is a salesperson. He remembers the names of his customers easily because he is able to retain and recall past experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability?
► Memory
► Number Aptitude
► Deductive Reasoning
► Perceptual speed
Ref:
The perceiver's knowledge base is organized into schemas, abstract knowledge structures stored in memory that allow people to organize and interpret information about a given target of perception.
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant is called----------------.
► Positive reinforcement
► Extinction
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment
Ref: The withdrawal of negative consequences to increase the likelihood of repeating the desired behavior in similar settings.
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement is true regarding "perceiver"?
► The person making interpretations
► The person making accurate judgments
► The person handling problems
► The person appointed to transmit information
Ref: The perceiver's knowledge base is organized into schemas, abstract knowledge structures stored in memory that allow people to organize and interpret information about a given target of perception.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement best describes "motivation?"
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► Results in a level of efforts put by a group
► Intensifies an individual's efforts from others
► Guides an individual's efforts towards a goal
► Meets an individual's needs, wants and demnands
Ref:
Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. Motivation is the energizer of behavior and mother of all action. It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire orneed, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her significant others.
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is likely to decrease as a worker grows older?
► Productivity
► Likelihood of quitting
► Work ethic
► Absenteeism
Ref: Older workers are also perceived as lacking flexibility and as being resistant to new technology.
• Some believe that the older you get, the less likely you are to quit your job. That conclusion is based on studies of the age-turnover relationship.
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
?
► Norming
► Storming
► Development
► Forming
Ref: Storming:
• One of intra-group conflict. Members accept the existence of the group, but there is resistance to constraints on individuality.
• Conflict over who will control the group.
• When complete, there will be a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group.
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Individual decisions are generally preferable to group decisions when which of the following is required?
► Speed
► Creativity
► Acceptance
► Quality
Example of Synergy90
• The social facilitation effect can either enhance group productivity (synergy) or restrict it (process loss):
• The performance of simple, routine tasks tends to be speeded up and improved by the presence of other people (synergy)
• When tasks are complex and require closer attention, the presence of other people will hurt performance (process loss)
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are _____.
► Educated
► Trained
► Born
► Authoritarian
Ref: The trait approach fails to explain why or how effective leadership occurs. Many individuals who possess these traits never become leaders, and many leaders who possess them are ineffective. Researchers then considered other factors affecting leadership, such as leader behaviors.
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If Ali is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following behaviors is he least likely to display?
► He prefers to talk on the phone
► He prefers to send emails
► He relies on memos or letters
► He avoids face-to-face communication
REF:
Oral Communication
– Advantages: Speed and feedback.
– Disadvantage: Distortion of the message.
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Asad telephones his employee, Usman, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock. In the communication process, Asad is:
► The sender
► The receiver
► The channel
► The encoder
Ref: The information the sender needs or wants to share with other people. Effective messages are clear and complete
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The path-goal theory was developed by ______________.
► Robert House
► Fred Fiedler
► Blake and Mouton
► Vroom and Yetton
Ref:One of the most respected approaches to leadership is the path-goal theory developed by Robert House.
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Sumeera has been working in a packaging company for last ten years. She is the most senior employee of her department that's why her manager frequently relies on her judgment. Whenever manger goes out of city for work, he put Sumeera in charge because he knows she will handle work efficiently in his absence. What type of trust relationship is this?
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►Reward-based trust
►Knowledge-based trust
►Identification-based trust
►Deterrence-based trust
Ref: Trust based on the behavioral predictability that comes from a history of interaction
• Identification-based trust
• Trust based on an emotional connection between the parties
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Computer specialist, tax accountants, economists and industrial psychologists possess which of the following power?
►Referent
►Information
►Formal
►Expert
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Leaders achieve goals, and power is:
►A goal in and of itself
►Usually used by poor leaders
►A means of achieving goals
►A strong influence on leaders' goals
Ref: Leaders achieve goals, and power is a means of facilitating their achievement.
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is least likely to create dependency?
►Scarcity of resources
►Non substitutability
►Power legitimacy
►Supply and demand
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Dependency is decreased when the resource you control is:
►Scarce
►Important
►Insufficient
►Easily replaced
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a form of illegitimate political behavior?
►Forming coalitions
►Symbolic protests
►Complaining to supervisors
►Bypassing the chain of command
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which bargaining strategy is preferable for use in intra-organizational behavior?
►Positive negotiation
►Distributive bargaining
►Integrative bargaining
►Equal bargaining
Ref: In terms of intra-organizational behavior, all things being equal, integrative bargaining is preferable to distributive bargaining.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ali wants to buy a motor bike. He goes to the showroom and sees different models of bikes. He likes one of them very much and wants to purchase it. He asks the price from dealer which is more then his range. Both of them then negotiate over price. This is an example of:
►BATNA
►Distributive negotiation
►Integrative negotiation
►Third party negotiation
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The focus of relationships in distributive bargaining is:
►Accommodation
►The long term
►The short term
►Lose-lose
Ref: Distributive bargaining can resolve disputes, but it often negatively affects one or more negotiators' satisfaction because it is focused on the short term.
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is true pertaining to the role of personality traits in negotiations?
►Charming personalities quickly resolve the conflicts
►Competent individuals make excellent negotiations
►Extroverts are less effective negotiators than introverts (not sure)
►Internal locus of control people are better negotiators
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures?
►Decision making
►Groupthink
►Brainstorming
►Group polarization
Ref: Groupthink - a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is right about the encoding step in the communication process?
►It is not necessary for verbal communication
►It is difficult for receiver to understand
►It involves converting the idea into message
►It follows the transmission of the message to receiver
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following terms involves the use of power and influence tactics for personal benefit ?
►Political seasoning
►Coalition formation
►Legitimate authority
►Organizational politics
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
To achieve a compromise approach, one needs to________________.
►Avoid overt disagreement
►Value openness and trust
►Dominate the other conflicting party
►Give up something of value
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If you have a narrow span of control, you have which of the following type of a (n) organization?
►Efficient
►Short
►Tall
►Matrix
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT one of the strengths of the Matrix Structure?
►It facilitates coordination in complex activities
►It facilitates the efficient allocation of specialists
►It eliminates the duplication of resources
►It minimizes ambiguity in reporting
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Setting Goals, establishing and communicating elements and standards is called:
►Planning
►Developing
►Monitoring
►Leading
http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
---------------- is a management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes.
►Development
►Standards
►Benchmarking
►TQM
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes. TQM has been widely used in manufacturing, education, call centers, government, and service industries, as well as NASA space and science programs.
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following include behavioral symptoms of stress EXCEPT:
►Asthma
►Bad moods
►Being irritable
►Defensiveness
Asthma is Long-term Physical Symptoms
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following include Physical symptoms of stress EXCEPT:
►Bad moods
►Faster heart beat
►Increased sweating
►Cool skin
Bad mood is behavioral symptoms of stress
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When the people are asked to envision the organization in five years and to describe what is different is called:
►Discovery
►Dreaming
►Design
►Destiny
Dreaming. The information from the discovery phase is used to speculate on possible
futures for the organization. For instance, people are asked to envision the organization in
five years and to describe what is different.
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are operational activities of HR EXCEPT __________________ which is a strategic activity.
►Analyzing HR metrics and measurements
►Recruiting and selecting employees
►Responding to goals and objectives set by executives
►Complying with laws, policies, and procedures
not sure
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A technical specialists working with a reputable organization is allowed to continue to contribute his expertise to the company without having to become manager. He makes recommendations in a wide range of business areas, participates in high level decisions, and acts as mentor to other employees. This situation is represented by which one of the following option?
►Traditional career path
►Network career path
►Lateral skill path
►Dual career path
Dual-Career Path— A career-path method, that recognizes that technical specialists
can and should be allowed to continue to contribute their expertise to a company
without having to become managers.
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which characteristic is NOT reflective of subcultures?
►Includes core values of the organization
►Typically defined by department designations
►Includes values shared only within the organization
►Includes values unique to members of a department or group
A dominant culture expresses the core values that are shared by a majority
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Phrases such as "more cultural diversity," "many new entrants with inadequate skills" are all examples of which force for change?
►Technology
►World politics
►Nature of the work force
►Social trends
Nature of the workforce More cultural diversity
Aging population
Many new entrants with inadequate skills
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If an organization used an insider as a change agent, as opposed to an outside consultant then which of the following is true?
►The change would probably be more cautious
►The change would probably be more drastic
►The change would probably be more objective
►The change would most likely be second order
Consultant change agents can offer a more objective perspective than insiders can.
• They are disadvantaged in that they often have an inadequate understanding of the
organization's history, culture, operating procedures, and personnel.
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the last step in job analysis process?
►Select representative positions to be analyzed
►Review relevant background information
►Analyze the job by collecting data on job activities
►Develop a job description and job specification
Steps in Job Analysis
Job Analysis process has following steps:
a. Identify how the information will be used because that will determine what data will be
collected and how it should be collected. Interviewing and position analysis
questionnaire are some examples of data collection techniques.
b. Review relevant background information, such as organization charts, process charts,
and job descriptions.
c. Select representative positions to analyze because there may be too many similar jobs to
analyze, and it may not be necessary to analyze them all.
d. Analyze the job by collecting data on job activities, required employee behaviors,
working conditions, and human traits and abilities needed to perform the job.
e. Review and verify the job analysis information with job incumbents to confirm that it is
factually correct and complete.
f. Develop a job description and job specification from the job analysis information.
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to reduce social loafing?
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►Have group members evaluate each other's contributions
►Keep work groups as small as possible
►Make individual contributions or levels of performance in a group identifiable
►Contributions of the group, not the individual, are most important
To reduce social loafing, group members must know that each individual's contributions will be evaluated. The more a person can evaluate individuals the less social loafing will happen in a group
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_george_ob_4/24/6393/1636850.cw/index.html
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )
What purposes do performance evaluations serve in organizations?
Performance evaluations have good effect on organizations. An employee's performance appraisal is very much dependent on the perceptual process. Although the appraisal can be objective, many jobs are evaluated in subjective terms. Subjective measures are, by definition, judgmental. To the degree that managers use subjective measures in appraising employees, what the evaluator perceives to be good or bad employee characteristics or behaviors will significantly influence the outcome of the appraisal.
Question No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )
When it is said that organizational change is due to some internal forces then what sort of forces you will recognize that are responsible for this change?
There are some internal forces which make change in organizations.
Declining effectiveness
Company Crisis
Changing work Climate
Changing employee expectations
Question No: 43 ( Marks: 10 )
Distinguish between the roles of mediator, arbitrator, conciliator, and consultant.
Consultant: The consultant works with the client in jointly diagnosing what processes need improvement. The consultant's expertise lies in diagnosis and developing a helping relationship.
Arbitrator: An arbitrator undertakes an awesome responsibility. He or she will be judge, jury, clerk, stenographic reporter and appellate review tribunal compressed into a single individual. When an arbitrator decides a case it is assumed that the arbitrator heard the evidence, understood it completely and applied the law and/or principles of justice and equity to achieve the correct result. The parties must have complete confidence in the arbitrator's fairness and integrity and in his or her ability to do all of these things.
How do the parties know that the person they selected has these attributes and will do these things? In classic arbitration they knew and trusted the individual. The arbitrator was the wise old man on the fishing boat dock, whom everyone knew, and who was trusted to know more about fish than anyone else. The fishermen were able to place complete confidence in him because they knew him intimately. Today we have gone to the opposite extreme. The arbitrator who is sufficiently close to a party to have instilled this type of confidence is for that very reason arguably disqualified. The arbitrator selected ideally has no relationships with any of the parties or their counsel. The parties must attempt to select the right person based in large part upon the information they can obtain from the potential arbitrator. The disclosure process has thus become the modern surrogate for the common knowledge of the marketplace.
Mediator: A mediator is a neutral third party who facilitates a negotiated solution by using reasoning and persuasion, suggesting alternatives, and the like.
Conciliator: The conciliator can contact and interview disputing parties over the telephone, provide information about theResidential Tenancies and Rooming Accommodation Act 2008, assist the parties in the exchange of information including relevant documents such as receipts, facilitate the resolution of disputes by sharing offers and suggesting options, provide a notice of unresolved dispute to enable an application to the tribunal for a hearing where a dispute remains unresolved.
Question No: 44 ( Marks: 10 )
What is flextime? What are the advantages of flextime from an employee's perspective and from management's perspective?
Flextime: Employees work during a common core time period each day but have discretion in forming their total workday from a flexible set of hours outside the core.
In today's competitive work place employers must remain attuned to the needs of their work force. Those that do will have a distinct advantage. One of the tools being used by U. S. firms to meet this objective is the use of flextime. The reason is simple: it is very popular from the employee's viewpoint. A recent survey showed that 78 percent of the respondents favored flexible work schedules so that they could spend more time with their families, even if it meant slower career advancement.
The concept of flextime refers to a variety of flexible arrangements including unconventional hours, part-time work, job sharing, leaves of absence and working at home. From a company's perspective, allowing employees to work fewer and more pliable hours is a powerful way to attract and retain top caliber people.
From the employee's perspective, having flexible work arrangements gives one a greater sense of empowerment. Flextime gives many a stronger feeling that their company trusts them. Additionally, in these times of dual-career parents, it helps parents raise their children more responsibly. It also turns out that professional who have such arrangements are fiercely loyal to their employers
Question No: 45 ( Marks: 10 )
Survey feedback is an organizational development technique for bringing change. Discuss.
Survey feedback
One tool for assessing attitudes held by organizational members, identifying discrepancies among member perceptions, and solving these differences is the survey feedback approach. Everyone can participate, but of key importance is the organizational "family." A questionnaire is usually completed by all members in the organization or unit. Organization members may be asked to suggest questions or may be interviewed. The questionnaire asks for perceptions and attitudes on a broad range of topics. The data from this questionnaire are tabulated with data pertaining to an individual's specific "family" and to the entire organization and distributed to employees. These data then become the springboard for identifying problems and clarifying issues. Particular attention is given to encouraging discussion and ensuring that discussions focus on issues and ideas and not on attacking individuals. Finally, group discussion in the survey feedback approach should result in members identifying possible implications of the questionnaire's findings.
